Emotional or instrumental support? Distinct effects on vigorous exercise and affect
Authors:
- Pamela Rackow,
- Corina Berli,
- Janina Lüscher,
- Aleksandra Łuszczyńska,
- Urte Scholz
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an umbrella-term for any movement of the body produced by skeletal muscles (Caspersen, Powell, & Christenson, 1985). Whereas, exercising can be conceptualized as “… planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement” (Biddle & Mutrie, 2001, p. 7). Vigorous exercising is associated with rapid breathing, sweating and an increase in the heart rate (WHO, 2017). Several studies from recent years have demonstrated the positive impact of exercising on health (e.g., Cavill, Kahlmeier, & Racioppi, 2006; Pate et al., 1995; Warburton, Nicol, & Bredin, 2006). Health benefits of exercising depend on the intensity and duration (Warburton et al., 2006), with more pronounced health benefits following from vigorous exercising. In contrast, leading a sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of developing a heart disease, type 2 diabetes, or chronic back pain (CDC, 2015a). However, in most western industrialized countries (Hardman & Stensel, 2003), most adults do not reach the exercise levels recommended by health organizations (e.g., CDC, 2015b; WHO, 2010, 2017). Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable factors that help people to engage in regular exercising. One can distinguish between modifiable factors of exercising that either mainly focus on the person, such as self-regulation abilities (e.g., Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), or factors that focus on the person's environmental context (e.g., access to sports facilities, like public swimming pools, etc.) and their social network, such as the social support from important others (e.g., family and friends). Several studies demonstrated that social support plays a crucial role in the adoption and maintenance of exercise (Courneya, Plotnikoff, Hotz, & Birkett, 2000; Kouvonen et al., 2012; Lippke, 2004; Trost, Owen, Bauman, Sallis, & Brown, 2002; Spanier & Allison, 2001). The receipt of social support can also be associated with negative and positive affective states (e.g. Benedict et al., 2015; Thoits, 2011), but the evidence is, to some degree, contradictory (Thoits, 2011). Therefore, this paper will investigate the interplay of different kinds of received social support with vigorous exercise and affect on a weekly base separately.
- Record ID
- SWPSf2d61385f38d4a89b7c1e1b02f7412ee
- Author
- Journal series
- Psychology of Sport and Exercise, ISSN 1469-0292
- Issue year
- 2017
- Vol
- 33
- Pages
- 66-74
- Publication size in sheets
- 0.50
- ASJC Classification
- DOI
- DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.07.011 opening in a new tab
- URL
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029216303582 opening in a new tab
- Language
- (en) English
- File
-
- File: 1
- 37. Rackow et al 2017_Psych Sport Exercise_Łuszczyńska.pdf
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- Additional file
-
- File: 1
- 37a. Oświadczenie_publ Luszczynska sierpien 2017b.docx
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- Score (nominal)
- 35
- Score source
- journalList
- Publication indicators
- : 2016 = 1.750; : 2017 = 2.878 (2) - 2017=3.297 (5)
- Citation count
- 5
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- http://192.168.13.97/info/article/SWPSf2d61385f38d4a89b7c1e1b02f7412ee/
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or Perishopening in a new tab system.